青岛地面太阳总辐射变化特征及影响因子分析     

徐华  盛立芳  柴艺淳 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(5):25-31

利用青岛市2003年8月~2011年8月的太阳辐射观测资料及常规气象地面观测资料,采用双标图分析、相关分析等统计方法,研究了地面太阳总辐射的变化特征及其影响因子。结果表明:青岛地面太阳总辐射呈现春季最大,夏秋季次之,冬季最小的季节变化特征;大气透射率夏季最小,其他3个季节相差不大。双标图分析及相关分析表明:总云量、能见度及相对湿度是辐射的主要影响因子,其中总云量对辐射变化起重要作用,能见度次之,相对湿度的影响最小。云对辐射有强的衰减作用,且低云的影响相对中高云大;实际大气中相对湿度和能见度对辐射的影响主要反映在两因子对云量的影响上,排除云的影响后相对湿度和能见度对辐射的衰减相对小,且不同云量条件下表现不同,云量较大时透射率随着相对湿度和能见度的变化较为明显。青岛地面太阳辐射受风向影响明显,盛行风为东南风的情况下,大气透射率较盛行风为西北风的情况下要小,且冬、春、秋3季节的大气透射率受风向影响大,夏季受风向影响小。  相似文献   

CORRECTION METHODS FOR THERMAL OFFSET ERRORS IN TBQ-2-B PYRANOMETERS     

程兴宏  丁蕾  杨云  白素莲  周怀刚  彭继达  权继梅  宋建洋 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2014,20(4):376-385

Due to the existence of thermal offsets, global solar irradiances measured by pyranometers are smaller than actual values, and errors are larger in the daytime. Until now, there is no universally-recognized correction method for thermal offset errors. Therefore, it is imperative to identify a convenient and effective correction method. Five correction methods were evaluated based on the data measured from a field experiment from 23 January to 15 November, 2011. Results have shown: 1) Temporal variation characteristics of thermal offsets in the four tested pyranometers are consistent. 2) Among the five methods, non-dimensional quantity method is suggested for use to correct thermal offsets, because it is convenient and no modification of instruments is required. If collocated net longwave radiation and wind speed data are available and their uncertainties are small, the historical solar radiation datasets can also be corrected. And correction effects by the method are better.  相似文献   

Surface heat budget and solar radiation allocation at a melt pond during summer in the central Arctic Ocean   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

ZHANG Shugang  ZHAO Jinping  SHI Jiuxin  and JIAO Yutian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(1):45-50

The heat budget of a melt pond surface and the solar radiation allocation at the melt pond are studied using the 2010 Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition data collected in the central Arctic. Temperature at a melt pond surface is proportional to the air temperature above it. However, the linear relationship between the two varies, depending on whether the air temperature is higher or lower than 0℃. The melt pond surface temperature is strongly influenced by the air temperature when the latter is lower than 0℃. Both net longwave radiation and turbulent heat flux can cause energy loss in a melt pond, but the loss by the latter is larger than that by the former. The turbulent heat flux is more than twice the net longwave radiation when the air temperature is lower than 0℃. More than 50% of the radiation energy entering the pond surface is absorbed by pond water. Very thin ice sheet on the pond surface(black ice) appears when the air temperature is lower than 0℃; on the other hand, only a small percentage(5.5%) of net longwave in the solar radiation is absorbed by such a thin ice sheet.  相似文献   

我国盐田首次产出南极石   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

乜贞  董亚萍  李武  卜令忠  袁伟  乌志明  张雪飞 《地球学报》2013,34(6):763-766

南极石是极度干旱且寒冷气候条件下的产物, 于1963年在南极首次被发现, 并以发现地而被命名为南极石。在我国青海柴达木盆地, 也曾有发现南极石的报道。南极石化学式是CaCl2?6H2O, 可用来生产融雪剂, 干燥剂等, 具有广泛的用途。本文在青海省柴达木盆地西部南翼山地区, 利用1940 m深处的地下氯化物型富钾油田水进行盐田蒸发试验, 于冬季得到了南极石矿物。通过偏光显微镜下鉴定、X光粉晶衍射及化学分析, 并参照前人矿物数据, 确定为南极石。以前没有关于人工产出南极石的报道, 这是首次在野外人工盐田条件下产出南极石, 这对认识南极石的自然产出及赋存气候环境条件, 对研究地区气候变化, 具有重要指示意义。  相似文献   

Physical mechanism and numerical simulations of surface layer temperature inversion in tropical ocean     

FAN Haimei  LI Bingrui  ZHANG Qinghu  LIU Zhiliang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(3):28-36

1 Introduction Ocean upper mixed layer, with nearly uniform temperature, salinity and density, is formed by sea sur- face forces such as wind stress, buoyancy flux and sur- face waves, etc. Under the mixed layer, thermocline and halocline often exist. Usually the depth of them is almost equal. But in the tropical ocean, the halocline is often shallower than the thermocline. Then between the layer of uniform salinity and the thermocline, there is a layer which has a rather strong density gradi…  相似文献   

中更新世以来中国东部六次海侵及其天文气候学的解释   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐钦琦  林和茂 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1993,13(1):11-20

自中更新世以来(在过去的73万年内),中国东部地区曾发生过六次海侵。如果考察该期间全球各地各季所获得的太阳辐射量,那么上述六次海侵的时期恰好都是全球所获得的、北半球冬半年的、平均的太阳辐射量相对较多的日时期,亦即气候较暖的时期。因为后者是地球轨道三要素(黄道倾斜、偏心率,岁差运动)自然变化的产物,故中国东部的海侵活动归根到底是地球轨道自然变化的结果之一。  相似文献   

影响东海气候的太阳活动信息分析   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

曲维政  黄菲  赵进平  马静  邓声贵  刘应辰  白燕 《海洋学报》2006,28(2):39-45

采用逐次滤波法逐次提取东海气温资料序列中蕴涵的太阳活动影响信息并加以分析,发现东海气候年代际变化特征十分清楚,主要表现为:(1)突变性,东海夏季7月海平面层及对流层大气温度场在过去半个多世纪中发生过一次急剧变化,突变点是1978年7月.从1978年7月由历时30多年的温度偏低时期跃变为持续高温时期,高温期持续至20世纪末,升温幅度超过0.4℃.资料分析表明,整个对流层东海夏季大气温度都具有这种年代际变化特征;(2)高空气候持续增温型,东海夏季7月平流层中部10 hPa大气温度表现为一种波动式的持续升温过程,50多年来温度升高4℃,年升温率超过0.075℃/a.东海平流层底部100 hPa温度也具有持续升温的特点,从1948年至今呈缓慢升高的趋势,53 a升高了1.9℃,升温率为0.036℃/a;(3)周期性,东海不同高度大气温度都具有显著程度不同的22 a周期性年代际变化特征,22 a周期分量的振幅由高空到低空迅速减小,表明22 a周期高空清楚,低空不太明显.东海对流层中部和平流层底部还具有显著的11 a周期性年代际变化.据分析认为22 a周期是太阳黑子磁场磁性变化周期所激发,11 a周期与太阳黑子相对数11 a周期相吻合,二者均为太阳活动在大气气候中的反映.  相似文献   

Photochemical activity in waters of the Great Barrier Reef     

R. Szymczak  T. D. Waite 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1991,33(6)

Photochemical activity in waters of the Great Barrier Reef was investigated through studies on the vertical, horizontal and temporal distribution of hydrogen peroxide and factors influencing its generation and decay processes. Surface hydrogen peroxide concentrations varied from 15 to 110 nM and generally decreased with depth, though a number of anomalies were detected. Photochemical activity decreased with increasing distance from the coast reflecting the positive influence of terrestrial inputs to the hydrogen peroxide generation and decay processes. Increases in photochemical activity were observed in the proximity of coral reefs. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the region were influenced by wind-induced mixing processes, atmospheric inputs, anthropogenic activity and seasonal light regimes.  相似文献   

光照对东海赤潮高发区春季硅藻生长的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王爱军  王修林  王江涛  李雁宾  韩秀荣  唐洪杰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(Z1):173-178

2005年3月在东海赤潮高发区的ZA3和ZC18b站通过现场培养探讨了光照对东海硅藻生长和演替的影响。培养期间,ZA3站优势种为中肋骨条藻,没有发生演替现象;ZC18b站,当光照低于6.7MJ.m-2.d-1,由角毛藻演替为中肋骨条藻,光照高于6.7MJ.m-2.d-1,角毛藻为第一优势种,浮动弯角藻为第二优势种。Logistic生长模型可以很好地描述不同光照下硅藻的生长状况,其拟和系数为0.92±0.03。终止生物量以及优势种生长速率与光照的关系表明,温度13.0℃左右,中肋骨条藻的最适生长光照为5.0MJ.m-2.d-1,角毛藻sp.和浮动弯角藻的最适生长光照均为6.7MJ.m-2.d-1。在富营养化条件下,光照是影响硅藻生长和演替的因子。  相似文献   

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Mist Lift Cycle     

Wu Wen  Jiang Wenhao  Jiang Qing Wang Liangyan Professor  Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Guangzhou Research Associate  Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Guangzhou 《中国海洋工程》1991,(2)

A rectangular mist lift tube of 20 m effective height was constructed to investigate the mist generation and up flow processes with various temperatures, pressures and mass flow rates of the incoming hot water through two different mist generation plates. Parameters such as temperature, pressure and dryness of the two phase mixture at six different heights of the lift tube as well as the lift mass flow ratio were measured and analysed. A theoretical analysis was made based on simplified one dimensional model of two-velocity-two-phase flow. The calculated results were discussed regarding temperature, pressure and dryness variations along the lift tube height and compared with the experimental results.  相似文献